Blood flow restriction therapy, also known as occlusion training, works by restricting blood flow to the muscles during exercise. This is typically done by applying a specialized cuff or band to the upper arm or thigh. By restricting blood flow, the therapy creates a hypoxic environment in the muscles, meaning there is a reduced oxygen supply. This triggers a series of physiological responses, including the release of growth factors and an increase in muscle protein synthesis. These responses lead to muscle hypertrophy and strength gains, even with low-intensity exercise.
There are several benefits associated with blood flow restriction therapy. Firstly, it allows individuals to achieve significant muscle growth and strength gains with lower intensity exercise, reducing the risk of injury. This is particularly beneficial for those recovering from injuries or with limited mobility. Additionally, blood flow restriction therapy has been shown to improve muscle endurance, increase muscle size, and enhance overall athletic performance. It can also be used as a rehabilitation tool to regain muscle strength and function after surgery or immobilization.
Erson follows up with the difficult lumbar lateral shift patient from this episode a few weeks back. As in the past, he's doing much better and this time Erson takes care not to flare him up! Interestingly enough using the Activforce 2 handheld dynamometer reveals some significant hip and trunk rotation strength percentage differences that could be key to better prevention. Untold Physio Stories is sponsored byHelix Pain Creams - I use Helix Creams in my practice and patients love them! Perfect in combination with joint mobs, IASTM and soft tissue work. Get your sample and start an additional revenue stream for your practice. Click here to get started.Check out EDGE Mobility System's Best Sellers - Something for every PT, OT, DC, MT, ATC or Fitness Minded IndividualCurv Health - Start your own Virtual Clinic Side Hustle for FREE! Create your profile in 3 minutes, set your rates, and Curv will handle the rest! From scheduling to payments, messaging, charting, and a full exercise library that allow for patient/clinician tracking, it's never been easier! Click to join Dr. E's new Virtual Clinic Collective to help promote best online practicesKeeping it Eclectic... This article was originally posted on Modern Manual Therapy Blog
Posted by on 2023-05-04
Introduction SummaryLow back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and costly health problem that affects a significant portion of the global population. Pain developers (PDs) are individuals who are considered a pre-clinical LBP population at risk of developing clinical LBP, which can exact great social and economic costs. Prolonged standing has been identified as a risk factor for LBP, and it is necessary to investigate the risk factors of standing-induced LBP in PDs comprehensively. By identifying these risk factors, appropriate preventive measures can be planned, which may reduce the incidence of standing-induced LBP and its associated costs.This study1 used a systematic review and meta-analysis approach to investigate the distinctive characteristics and risk factors of standing-induced LBP in PDs. The study aimed to identify statistically significant differences between PDs and non-pain developers (NPDs) in demographics, biomechanical, and psychological outcomes and to determine the pooled effect sizes of these differences. The study’s findings have important implications for preventing and managing standing-induced LBP in PDs and for future research investigating the association of these distinctive characteristics to standing-induced LBP and interventions that may modify them.Characteristics of Pain Developers and Non-Pain DevelopersThe systematic review and meta-analysis identified 52 papers and theses involving 1070 participants (528 PDs and 542 NPDs) that were eligible for inclusion. The studies used a prolonged standing duration greater than 42 minutes to classify adult PDs and NPDs without a history of LBP.Significant differences were found between PDs and NPDs in terms of movement patterns, muscular, postural, psychological, structural, and anthropometric variables. PDs exhibited altered motor control in the anterior hip abduction (AHAbd) test and displayed higher lumbar lordosis in individuals over 25 years old. These factors were found to have a statistically significant association with standing-induced LBP.Muscular differences were also identified between PDs and NPDs. PDs had a higher level of co-activation between gluteus medius and the erector spinae muscles, which can lead to increased lumbar loading and potentially contribute to the development of LBP.In terms of postural characteristics, PDs had less trunk control and increased trunk sway during standing compared to NPDs, which may suggest a lack of postural stability.Psychological characteristics were also found to differ between PDs and NPDs. PDs had higher levels of pain catastrophizing, which is the tendency to magnify the threat value of pain and to feel helpless in the face of it, and is associated with increased pain intensity and disability.Finally, anthropometric and structural differences were found between PDs and NPDs. PDs tended to have higher body mass index (BMI) and shorter stature compared to NPDs, which may result in altered spinal loading during standing.These findings suggest that PDs have distinct biomechanical and psychological characteristics that may predispose them to standing-induced LBP. Altered motor control displayed in AHAbd test and higher lumbar lordosis in individuals over 25 years seem to be probable risk factors for standing-induced LBP. The study’s findings have important implications for preventing and managing standing-induced LBP in PDs and for future research investigating the association of these distinctive characteristics to standing-induced LBP and interventions that may modify them.Risk Factors for Standing-Induced Low Back PainThe systematic review and meta-analysis identified several factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with standing-induced LBP:Lumbar fidgets – Participants with PDs displayed more lumbar fidgets, defined as small voluntary or involuntary movements of the lumbar spine, which are indicative of discomfort or pain. This factor was found to have a significant negative effect size (Hedge’s g − 0.72).Lumbar lordosis in participants over 25 years – Participants with PDs had higher lumbar lordosis, defined as the natural curvature of the lumbar spine, in individuals over 25 years old. This factor was found to have a significant positive effect size (Hedge’s g 2.75).AHAbd test – Participants with PDs displayed altered motor control in the AHAbd test, which measures the ability to control the hip and pelvis while lifting one leg. This factor was found to have a significant positive effect size (WMD 0.7).Gluteus medius co-activation – Participants with PDs had higher levels of co-activation between the gluteus medius and erector spinae muscles. This factor was found to have a significant positive effect size (Hedge’s g 4.24).Pain catastrophizing – Participants with PDs had higher levels of pain catastrophizing, which is associated with increased pain intensity and disability. This factor was found to have a significant positive effect size (WMD 2.85).These risk factors suggest that altered motor control, higher lumbar lordosis, increased gluteus medius co-activation, and pain catastrophizing may predispose individuals to standing-induced LBP. The findings may help identify individuals at risk of developing standing-induced LBP and plan appropriate preventive measures.Future research should investigate the association of the reported distinctive characteristics to standing-induced LBP and whether they are manipulable through various interventions. Such interventions may include physical therapy, posture correction, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, among others. Identifying modifiable risk factors may lead to the development of effective interventions for preventing and managing standing-induced LBP in individuals with pre-clinical LBP.Implications for Future ResearchThe systematic review and meta-analysis identified several distinct characteristics and risk factors for standing-induced LBP in PDs compared to NPDs. However, the study authors note that the identified risk factors do not necessarily prove causality or provide a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying standing-induced LBP. As such, future research should investigate these factors in greater detail, and identify modifiable risk factors that can be targeted for preventive interventions.The study authors recommend that future research should investigate the following areas:Association with standing-induced LBP – Further research should investigate the association of the identified distinctive characteristics and risk factors to standing-induced LBP. Studies should investigate whether these factors are predictive of standing-induced LBP and whether they are specific to standing-induced LBP or generalizable to other types of LBP.Mechanisms underlying standing-induced LBP – Future research should also investigate the underlying mechanisms of standing-induced LBP, such as the interplay between motor control, muscle activation, and posture. Understanding the mechanisms underlying standing-induced LBP can help identify modifiable risk factors and develop effective interventions.Intervention strategies – Future research should investigate the efficacy of various interventions for preventing and managing standing-induced LBP in individuals with pre-clinical LBP. Such interventions may include physical therapy, posture correction, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and other strategies aimed at reducing risk factors identified in this study.Generalizability of findings – Finally, future research should investigate the generalizability of the study findings to other populations, such as individuals with clinical LBP or those with different occupational or lifestyle factors. This will help to determine the applicability of the findings to a broader population and inform the development of preventive measures for standing-induced LBP.ConclusionIn summary, this systematic review and meta-analysis found that pain developers (PDs) – individuals with a history of low back pain (LBP) – have distinct characteristics compared to non-pain developers (NPDs) when exposed to prolonged standing. These characteristics include altered movement patterns, muscular, postural, psychological, structural, and anthropometric variables. The study also identified several risk factors associated with standing-induced LBP, including lumbar fidgets, higher lumbar lordosis in participants over 25 years, AHAbd test, GMed co-activation, and higher scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale.These findings have important implications for preventing and managing standing-induced LBP, particularly in individuals with a history of LBP. The study suggests that altered motor control displayed in the AHAbd test and higher lumbar lordosis in individuals over 25 years old are probable risk factors for standing-induced LBP. Therefore, future interventions may focus on improving motor control and reducing excessive lumbar lordosis. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of addressing psychological factors, such as pain catastrophizing, as a potential risk factor for standing-induced LBP.Overall, the study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to preventing and managing standing-induced LBP, including a focus on biomechanical, psychological, and other factors. Future research should investigate the association of these distinctive characteristics to standing-induced LBP and whether they are manipulable through various interventions. By identifying and addressing these risk factors, it may be possible to reduce the prevalence of LBP and improve the quality of life for individuals with a history of LBP.This study emphasizes the importance of developing appropriate preventive measures for standing-induced low back pain (LBP) in pain developers (PDs). PDs are individuals with a history of LBP and are considered a pre-clinical population at risk of developing clinical LBP, which can lead to significant social and economic costs. The study found that PDs have distinct characteristics compared to non-pain developers (NPDs) when exposed to prolonged standing, which suggests that targeted interventions may be necessary to prevent standing-induced LBP in this population.The development of appropriate preventive measures requires a thorough understanding of the risk factors associated with standing-induced LBP in PDs. This study identified several risk factors, including lumbar fidgets, higher lumbar lordosis in participants over 25 years, AHAbd test, GMed co-activation, and higher scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. These risk factors suggest that interventions targeting motor control, lumbar lordosis, and psychological factors may be effective in preventing standing-induced LBP in PDs.In addition to identifying risk factors, the study highlights the importance of comprehensive interventions that address biomechanical, psychological, and other factors associated with standing-induced LBP. These interventions may include postural education, physical therapy, and cognitive-behavioural therapy. By addressing these factors, it may be possible to reduce the prevalence of LBP and improve the quality of life for individuals with a history of LBP.Overall, the study underscores the importance of developing appropriate preventive measures for standing-induced LBP in PDs. Identifying risk factors and developing targeted interventions may help reduce the burden of LBP in this population and improve their overall health and well-being.Dynamic Disc DesignsDynamic Disc Designs offers dynamic anatomical models that musculoskeletal healthcare workers (chiropractors, medical doctors, physiotherapists, osteopaths) can use to help explain how the spine is impacted when one stands, for example. The models are designed to simulate the spinal movement dynamically, allowing various spinal specialists to better illustrate to patients the impact that standing can have on the spine.Using the dynamic disc model, a healthcare worker can demonstrate how the intervertebral discs are compressed when standing due to the force of gravity on the spine. They can show how the discs lose water content and height throughout the day, resulting in reduced shock absorption and increased pressure on the spinal nerves. This can lead to various symptoms, including low back pain, stiffness, and numbness or tingling in the legs. In this particular research highlighted in this post, a practitioner can explain dynamically what excessive lordosis means and how the facets are approximated in this case. Explore.Want to learn in person? Attend a #manualtherapyparty! Check out our course calendar below!Learn more online - new online discussion group included!Want an approach that enhances your existing evaluation and treatment? No commercial model gives you THE answer. You need an approach that blends the modern with the old school. NEW - Online Discussion GroupLive caseswebinarslectureLive Q&Aover 600 videos - hundreds of techniques and more! Check out MMT InsidersKeeping it Eclectic... This article was originally posted on Modern Manual Therapy Blog
![[RESEARCH REVIEW] The High Cost of Standing: Uncovering Risk Factors for Low Back Pain](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXTsCQGpK-PEaVaLh2d-4MDJt3iZYFUMfzgmUKypDoGEjgXskP71pa-s8bMk_XOK-iWRrL8pLt-vIE6tD_i8NbsgluTbBpfCrbP80CWO3oFOoSZauwQ7U375LUV9hsBh7bwaSz6BJiYSFJfEniuRnDbSGa6swxPr0DzfpYmpWkljZ5TeS2P6031Ioh/s16000/Low%20back%20pain.png)
Posted by on 2023-04-27
While blood flow restriction therapy is generally considered safe, there are some risks and side effects to be aware of. The most common side effect is temporary discomfort or pain during the therapy session, which is typically relieved once the cuff is removed. In rare cases, there may be bruising or skin irritation at the site of the cuff application. It is important to use proper technique and follow guidelines to minimize these risks. Additionally, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis or high blood pressure, should consult with a healthcare professional before undergoing blood flow restriction therapy.
Blood flow restriction therapy can be used for a variety of injuries and conditions, but it is not suitable for all cases. It is most commonly used in rehabilitation settings to aid in muscle recovery and strength training. It has been shown to be effective for conditions such as osteoarthritis, tendinopathy, and muscle atrophy. However, it may not be appropriate for individuals with certain medical conditions or injuries, such as acute muscle strains or fractures. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if blood flow restriction therapy is suitable for a specific injury or condition.
The duration of a blood flow restriction therapy session can vary depending on the individual and the specific goals of the therapy. Typically, a session lasts around 15-20 minutes, with the cuff or band applied to the upper arm or thigh. During this time, the individual will perform low-intensity exercises, such as resistance training or bodyweight exercises. The exercises are performed in a controlled manner, with short rest periods between sets. The number of sets and repetitions may vary based on the individual's fitness level and goals.
Yes, blood flow restriction therapy can be beneficial for athletes looking to improve their performance. By restricting blood flow to the muscles, the therapy stimulates muscle growth and strength gains, even with lower intensity exercise. This can be particularly useful for athletes who are recovering from injuries or have limited training options. Blood flow restriction therapy has been shown to improve muscle endurance, increase muscle size, and enhance overall athletic performance. However, it is important for athletes to work with a qualified professional to ensure proper technique and individualized programming.
There are specific guidelines and precautions to follow during blood flow restriction therapy to ensure safety and effectiveness. It is important to use a specialized cuff or band that is designed for blood flow restriction therapy and to apply it correctly to the upper arm or thigh. The pressure applied should be enough to restrict blood flow, but not to the point of causing pain or discomfort. It is also important to start with lower intensity exercises and gradually increase the intensity as tolerated. Rest periods between sets should be kept short to maintain the hypoxic environment. Additionally, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease or clotting disorders, should consult with a healthcare professional before undergoing blood flow restriction therapy.
Reflexology, a complementary therapy that involves applying pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, or ears, has been suggested as a potential treatment for alleviating symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. While there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness, some studies have shown promising results. The theory behind reflexology is that certain points on the feet correspond to specific organs or systems in the body, and by stimulating these points, it can help improve circulation, reduce pain, and promote relaxation. However, it is important to note that reflexology should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment, and individuals with peripheral neuropathy should consult with their healthcare provider before trying reflexology or any other alternative therapies.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been found to have a significant impact on pain perception in individuals with osteoarthritis. TENS works by delivering low-voltage electrical currents to the affected area, which stimulates the nerves and disrupts the pain signals being sent to the brain. This modulation of pain perception is achieved through the activation of various mechanisms, including the gate control theory, endogenous opioid release, and the activation of descending inhibitory pathways. By targeting the specific pain pathways involved in osteoarthritis, TENS can effectively reduce pain intensity and improve overall pain management in these individuals. Additionally, TENS has been shown to have a positive effect on other symptoms associated with osteoarthritis, such as stiffness and physical function, further enhancing the overall treatment outcomes.
Acupuncture has been suggested as a potential treatment for tension headaches due to its various benefits. One of the main advantages is its ability to stimulate the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers that can help alleviate headache symptoms. Additionally, acupuncture may improve blood circulation and reduce muscle tension, both of which are common contributors to tension headaches. By targeting specific acupuncture points, this alternative therapy can also help regulate the flow of energy in the body, promoting overall well-being and potentially reducing the frequency and intensity of tension headaches. Furthermore, acupuncture is a non-invasive and drug-free approach, making it a safe option for individuals seeking natural remedies for their headaches.
Acupuncture has been suggested as a potential treatment for insomnia due to its various benefits. One potential benefit is its ability to regulate the body's circadian rhythm, which is crucial for maintaining a healthy sleep-wake cycle. By stimulating specific acupuncture points, it is believed that acupuncture can help balance the body's energy flow and promote better sleep patterns. Additionally, acupuncture has been found to have a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing anxiety and stress levels that often contribute to insomnia. This alternative therapy also has the potential to improve sleep quality by increasing the production of endorphins and serotonin, which are neurotransmitters associated with relaxation and mood regulation. Furthermore, acupuncture may help address underlying health conditions that can disrupt sleep, such as chronic pain or hormonal imbalances. Overall, the potential benefits of using acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia lie in its ability to regulate circadian rhythm, reduce anxiety, improve sleep quality, and address underlying health issues.
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a technique that involves the use of electrical impulses to stimulate muscle contractions. In athletes, EMS can enhance neuromuscular control by activating specific muscle groups and improving the communication between the nerves and muscles. This stimulation helps to recruit a larger number of motor units, which are responsible for muscle contractions, leading to increased muscle strength and power. Additionally, EMS can improve proprioception, which is the body's ability to sense its position and movement in space. By enhancing proprioception, athletes can have better control over their movements, leading to improved coordination and agility. Furthermore, EMS can also aid in muscle recovery and injury prevention by increasing blood flow and promoting the release of endorphins, which can reduce pain and inflammation. Overall, EMS is a valuable tool for athletes to enhance their neuromuscular control and optimize their performance.
Several psychological factors can influence adherence to home exercise programs in older adults. One important factor is self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully complete a task. Older adults with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to adhere to their exercise programs as they have confidence in their ability to perform the exercises correctly and achieve the desired outcomes. Another factor is motivation, which can be intrinsic (internal) or extrinsic (external). Intrinsic motivation, such as the enjoyment of physical activity or the desire to improve one's health, can positively influence adherence. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation, such as rewards or social support, can also play a role in maintaining adherence. Additionally, older adults' attitudes and beliefs about exercise, including perceived benefits and barriers, can impact their adherence. For example, if an individual believes that exercise can improve their overall well-being and prevent health problems, they are more likely to adhere to their home exercise program. Conversely, if they perceive exercise as boring or too challenging, they may be less likely to adhere. Finally, social support from family, friends, or healthcare professionals can provide encouragement and accountability, which can enhance adherence to home exercise programs in older adults.