The key components of a strength and conditioning program include a combination of resistance training, cardiovascular exercise, flexibility training, and sport-specific drills. Resistance training focuses on building strength and muscle mass through exercises such as weightlifting, bodyweight exercises, and resistance bands. Cardiovascular exercise improves endurance and cardiovascular health through activities like running, cycling, or swimming. Flexibility training helps improve range of motion and prevent injuries through stretching exercises. Sport-specific drills target the specific skills and movements required for a particular sport or activity.
A strength and conditioning program can improve athletic performance in several ways. Firstly, it helps to increase strength and power, which can enhance an athlete's ability to generate force and perform explosive movements. This can lead to improved speed, agility, and overall athletic performance. Secondly, the program can improve endurance and cardiovascular fitness, allowing athletes to sustain high-intensity efforts for longer periods of time. Additionally, strength and conditioning programs can help prevent injuries by improving muscular balance, stability, and flexibility. By addressing weaknesses and imbalances, athletes can reduce the risk of injury and perform at their best.
Back pain is a common ailment that many of us have experienced at some point in our lives. One specific type of back pain, known as discogenic low back pain (LBP), is characterized by pain originating from the intervertebral discs (IVDs) in the spine. Despite extensive research, the exact causes of discogenic LBP have remained elusive. However, a recent study conducted by Seiji Ohtori and his colleagues sheds new light on the underlying mechanisms of this condition.Animal Models and Discogenic LBP:Through the use of animal models, researchers have made significant discoveries regarding discogenic LBP. They have found that sensory nerves grow into the inner layer of the lumbar IVDs, and this nerve ingrowth is induced by certain inflammatory substances called cytokines. These cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukins, stimulate the ingrowth of sensory nerves into the discs. Moreover, nerve growth factor has been identified as a key player in inducing this nerve ingrowth. Animal models have also revealed that disc degeneration triggers the production of collagenases, enzymes that break down collagen, leading to hypermobility and pain. Sinuvertebral NervesUnveiling Human Discogenic LBPFurther insights into the mechanisms of discogenic LBP have been gleaned from the examination of degenerated human IVD specimens. These specimens have revealed sensory innervation and nerve ingrowth, similar to what has been observed in animal models. The presence of cytokines in human discs suggests a shared mechanism with animal models. This indicates that the findings from animal studies can be applied to human patients as well. In addition to sensory innervation and cytokine involvement, sensitization of sensory nerve fibers innervating the IVDs is a crucial factor in discogenic LBP. When these nerve fibers become sensitized, they become more responsive to pain stimuli, leading to heightened pain perception.Psychosocial factors also play a role in the perception and experience of pain associated with discogenic LBP. Factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, and social support can influence an individual’s pain experience. Understanding the interplay between these psychosocial factors and the physiological aspects of discogenic LBP is important in developing comprehensive treatment approaches.Tackling Discogenic LBP: Treatment ApproachesUnderstanding the underlying pathomechanisms of discogenic LBP opens up avenues for potential treatment strategies. To effectively manage this condition, it is crucial to prevent sensitization of sensory nerve fibers within the IVDs. This can be achieved through targeted interventions that aim to suppress the pathogenic increases of cytokines. By reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukins, the ingrowth of sensory nerves into the discs can be controlled, thereby reducing pain.In addition to cytokine regulation, addressing disc hypermobility is an essential aspect of treating discogenic LBP. Hypermobile discs can magnify pain and further damage the disc structure. Treatment options such as physical therapy and specific exercises can help stabilize the spine, reduce hypermobility, and alleviate pain. Other interventions, such as spinal manipulative therapy and epidural steroid injections, may also be considered in certain cases to manage pain and promote healing.Conclusion:Discogenic low back pain is a complex condition with multiple underlying mechanisms. The research conducted by Seiji Ohtori and his colleagues has provided valuable insights into the pathomechanisms of this condition, highlighting the role of sensory nerve ingrowth, cytokines, and disc hypermobility. By understanding these mechanisms, health professionals can develop more targeted treatment approaches to help patients suffering from discogenic LBP.One innovative product that aids in the understanding and communication of discogenic LBP is the Professional LxH Dynamic Disc Model by Dynamic Disc Designs. This model accurately represents the structure and function of the intervertebral discs, allowing health professionals to visually demonstrate the impact of disc degeneration, nerve ingrowth, and hypermobility to their patients. By using this model during patient consultations, health professionals can help individuals better comprehend the nature of their condition and the rationale behind the recommended treatment approaches.Check out MMT's Exclusive Blue Nucleus model!Via Dr. Jerome Fryer - Dynamic Disc Designs Want to learn in person? Attend a #manualtherapyparty! Check out our course calendar below! Learn more online - new online discussion group included! Want an approach that enhances your existing evaluation and treatment? No commercial model gives you THE answer. You need an approach that blends the modern with the old school. NEW - Online Discussion Group Live cases webinars lecture Live Q&A over 600 videos - hundreds of techniques and more! Check out MMT Insiders Keeping it Eclectic... This article was originally posted on Modern Manual Therapy Blog
Posted by on 2023-07-31
Andrew is back talking about a colleague's recent case. This is a new grad, only practicing for 5 weeks or so, but kudos to his differential diagnosis skills and applying the Wells Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism. If you're not familiar with it, its something you should keep in the back of your mind, especially with post op patients, those who have been recently immobilized, or with history of Cancer or PE. Untold Physio Stories is sponsored byThe Eclectic Approach Network - Check out Dr. E's all new private, non tracking and ad free network for rehab pros! It's free to join, has chat, feed, and all the features of other social networks without the creeping tracking.Check out EDGE Mobility System's Best Sellers - Something for every PT, OT, DC, MT, ATC or Fitness Minded Individual https://edgemobilitysystem.comCurv Health - Start your own Virtual Clinic Side Hustle for FREE! Create your profile in 3 minutes, set your rates, and Curv will handle the rest! From scheduling to payments, messaging, charting, and a full exercise library that allow for patient/clinician tracking, it's never been easier! Click to join Dr. E's new Virtual Clinic Collective to help promote best online practices. Keeping it Eclectic... This article was originally posted on Modern Manual Therapy Blog
Posted by on 2023-07-26
Collagen Supplementation for Joint Pain and Arthritis: Does it Really Work?By Dr. Sean M.Wells, DPT, PT, OCS, ATC/L, CSCS, NSCA-CPT, CNPT, Cert-DNRecently I was presenting at the annual conference of Athletic Trainers' Association of Florida (ATAF) and I was overwhelmed by one consistent question: why didn't you talk about collagen supplementation? My talk was specifically on orthopedics for older adults and naturally I focused on osteoarthritis (OA) and how important exercise and diet are for that condition. I did touch on some supplementation, but I left off collagen because my last examination of this supplement, using one of my favorite websites Examine.com, yielded mediocre results. However the participants at the sports medicine conference piqued my interest and convinced me that perhaps I had missed something -- almost every single one of these participants had some form of joint pain or stiffness and felt significantly better after taking collagen daily. So, back to the literature, and asking some of my clients, I went!What is Collagen?Collagen is a protein found in the body that provides structure and support to various tissues, including joints, bones, tendons, and ligaments. It may play a role in maintaining joint health and may have potential benefits for individuals with joint pain. A few small-scale studies have shown positive results in reducing joint pain and improving joint function when individuals with osteoarthritis took collagen supplements. These studies often used specific collagen formulations, such as collagen peptides or hydrolyzed collagen, which are broken down into smaller peptides for better absorption by the body. However, it's important to note that the findings of these studies are not yet conclusive, and more robust research is necessary.The ResearchIt's worth mentioning that joint pain can have various causes, and collagen supplementation may not be effective for everyone. Factors like age, underlying health conditions, overall diet, and lifestyle habits can also influence joint health. For instance, a meta-analysis on collagen supplementation for OA showed improvements in the WOMAC, a functional score for knee arthritis, but it didn't yield significant results for knee pain. Meanwhile, another review article looking at collagen supplementation for joint pain, muscle protein synthesis, and body composition found that collagen did significantly reduce joint pain (it had effect on the other metrics). Here's a nice table listed in the article:The joint pain included in the review included knee pain and Achilles tendinopathy, all predominately in an athletic population. Another glaring observation is several of these studies included physical therapy and exercise prescriptions with the supplementation (Yay! Nutrition and Physical Therapy), which can also alter the results and effects of collagen as well. It's important to see the doses varied in the studies from 5, 10, to 40 grams per day; moreover, the collagen can come in varying form from peptides, hydrolyzed proteins, to denatured collagen. Having such variability in the type of collagen also likely explains the variability in responses and data.DosingSo, roughly how much and what type of collagen should a client take? Well, many studies have used dosages ranging from 8 to 12 grams of collagen peptides or hydrolyzed collagen per day for joint-related benefits. Research suggests that type II collagen supplementation may help reduce joint pain and improve joint function in individuals with arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis. It is believed to work by helping to restore and support cartilage health, potentially reducing inflammation and promoting joint mobility. It's important to note that collagen supplements are available in various forms, such as powders, capsules, and liquids, and their concentration of collagen can vary. Therefore, it's crucial to follow the manufacturer's instructions and consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your specific needs.It's also worth mentioning that collagen supplements are often combined with other ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, or herbal extracts, which may influence their effectiveness. If you decide to try collagen supplementation for joint pain, it's a good idea to choose a reputable brand and look for products that have been tested for quality and safety. I suggest using Labdoor.com to help you or your client find a high-quality collagen supplement, if and when appropriate.SummaryIn the end, perhaps the participants at the ATAF conference were right -- there is something to say about collagen and joint pain. Not every study is exact and more research needs to be done on what dose, what age, what condition, and what exercises should be done with the collagen -- but that's why we practice physical therapy! Love to hear your thoughts and maybe some of your clients' responses to collagen. If you like what you see here then know there is more in our 3 board-approved continuing education courses on Nutrition specific for Physical Therapists. Enroll today in our new bundled course offering and save 20%, a value of $60! Earn CEUs in most states for PTs! Want to learn in person? Attend a #manualtherapyparty! Check out our course calendar below! Learn more online - new online discussion group included! Want an approach that enhances your existing evaluation and treatment? No commercial model gives you THE answer. You need an approach that blends the modern with the old school. NEW - Online Discussion Group Live cases webinars lecture Live Q&A over 600 videos - hundreds of techniques and more! Check out MMT Insiders Keeping it Eclectic... This article was originally posted on Modern Manual Therapy Blog
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Posted by on 2023-07-24
In this episode, Erson goes over a tough case of constant and flared up cervical pain with radiating complaints. What do you think of his solution? Have you ever had a similar case that responded to sustained holds better than repeated loading or traditional techniques? Untold Physio Stories is sponsored byThe Eclectic Approach Network - Check out Dr. E's all new private, non tracking and ad free network for rehab pros! It's free to join, has chat, feed, and all the features of other social networks without the creeping tracking.Check out EDGE Mobility System's Best Sellers - Something for every PT, OT, DC, MT, ATC or Fitness Minded Individual https://edgemobilitysystem.comCurv Health - Start your own Virtual Clinic Side Hustle for FREE! Create your profile in 3 minutes, set your rates, and Curv will handle the rest! From scheduling to payments, messaging, charting, and a full exercise library that allow for patient/clinician tracking, it's never been easier! Click to join Dr. E's new Virtual Clinic Collective to help promote best online practices. Keeping it Eclectic... This article was originally posted on Modern Manual Therapy Blog
Posted by on 2023-07-17
Common exercises and techniques used in strength and conditioning programs include squats, deadlifts, bench presses, lunges, and overhead presses for resistance training. These exercises target major muscle groups and help build overall strength and power. Plyometric exercises, such as box jumps and medicine ball throws, are often used to improve explosive power. Cardiovascular exercises can include running, cycling, rowing, or using cardio machines like treadmills or ellipticals. Flexibility training may involve static stretching, dynamic stretching, or yoga poses to improve range of motion and prevent muscle imbalances.
The frequency of participation in a strength and conditioning program depends on various factors such as an individual's goals, current fitness level, and training schedule. Generally, it is recommended to engage in strength and conditioning training at least two to three times per week. This allows for adequate recovery between sessions while still providing enough stimulus for progress. However, elite athletes or those with specific performance goals may require more frequent training sessions. It is important to listen to the body and adjust the frequency and intensity of training based on individual needs and recovery abilities.
While strength and conditioning training can offer numerous benefits, there are potential risks and injuries associated with it. These can include muscle strains, sprains, overuse injuries, and joint problems. It is important to use proper form and technique during exercises to minimize the risk of injury. Gradually increasing the intensity and load of training sessions can also help prevent overexertion and reduce the risk of overuse injuries. Working with a qualified strength and conditioning coach or trainer can provide guidance and ensure proper technique and progression to minimize the risk of injuries.
A strength and conditioning program can be tailored to specific sports or activities by incorporating sport-specific drills and exercises. For example, a program for a basketball player may include exercises that focus on vertical jump, agility, and lateral movement. A program for a soccer player may emphasize speed, endurance, and lower body strength. By identifying the specific physical demands of a sport or activity, a strength and conditioning program can be designed to target those areas and improve performance. It is important to consider the movement patterns, energy systems, and physical requirements of the sport when tailoring the program.
Tracking progress and evaluating the effectiveness of a strength and conditioning program can be done through various strategies. One common method is to keep a training log or journal to record workouts, sets, reps, and weights used. This allows for tracking progress over time and making adjustments to the program as needed. Regular performance testing, such as timed runs, vertical jump tests, or strength assessments, can provide objective measures of improvement. Additionally, subjective feedback from the athlete, such as perceived exertion or fatigue levels, can be valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the program. Regular communication with a strength and conditioning coach or trainer can also help monitor progress and make necessary adjustments to optimize performance.
The principles of tissue healing are essential in guiding treatment interventions. These principles include inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In the inflammation phase, the body responds to tissue injury by releasing inflammatory mediators, which attract immune cells to the site of injury. This phase is crucial for removing debris and initiating the healing process. The proliferation phase involves the formation of new blood vessels and the production of collagen, which helps in the formation of new tissue. Finally, the remodeling phase focuses on the reorganization and strengthening of the newly formed tissue. Treatment interventions are guided by these principles, aiming to promote and support each phase of tissue healing. For example, interventions may include the use of anti-inflammatory medications to control excessive inflammation, physical therapy to promote blood flow and tissue regeneration, and exercises to improve tissue strength and flexibility. By understanding and applying these principles, healthcare professionals can optimize treatment interventions and facilitate the healing process.
The McKenzie Method, a widely used approach for the classification and treatment of disc herniation, employs a comprehensive system to assess and manage this condition. The method classifies disc herniation based on its location, size, and direction of protrusion, allowing for a more targeted treatment approach. Treatment typically involves a combination of specific exercises and movements that aim to centralize and alleviate symptoms. These exercises focus on promoting proper spinal alignment, reducing pressure on the affected disc, and improving overall spinal function. Additionally, the McKenzie Method emphasizes patient education and self-management techniques, empowering individuals to take an active role in their recovery and prevent future episodes of disc herniation.
Therapists incorporate mindfulness-based techniques into chronic pain management by utilizing various strategies that promote present-moment awareness and non-judgmental acceptance of pain. They may guide patients through mindfulness meditation exercises, encouraging them to focus their attention on bodily sensations and observe them without reacting or labeling them as good or bad. Therapists may also teach patients to practice mindful breathing, where they pay attention to their breath as a way to anchor themselves in the present moment and cultivate a sense of calm. Additionally, therapists may incorporate body scan exercises, where patients systematically bring their attention to different parts of their body, noticing any sensations or areas of tension. By integrating these mindfulness-based techniques into chronic pain management, therapists aim to help patients develop a new relationship with their pain, reducing suffering and improving overall well-being.
Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should follow specific exercise guidelines to manage their condition effectively. These guidelines recommend a combination of aerobic exercises, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, along with strength training exercises to improve muscle strength and endurance. It is important for individuals with COPD to engage in regular physical activity to enhance their lung function, reduce breathlessness, and improve overall quality of life. However, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional or a pulmonary rehabilitation specialist to develop an exercise program tailored to the individual's specific needs and limitations. The exercise program should be progressive, starting with low-intensity activities and gradually increasing the duration and intensity over time. Additionally, individuals with COPD should incorporate breathing exercises, such as pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing, to improve their breathing efficiency and control. Regular exercise, when done correctly and under professional guidance, can significantly benefit individuals with COPD by improving their exercise tolerance, reducing symptoms, and enhancing their overall well-being.
The Mulligan Concept is a manual therapy approach that focuses on the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. It is based on several key principles that guide its application. One of the main principles is the concept of mobilization with movement, which involves applying a sustained glide or sustained natural apophyseal glide to a joint while the patient performs a specific movement. This technique aims to restore normal joint mechanics and improve function. Another principle is the use of pain-free techniques, where the therapist ensures that the treatment does not cause any pain or discomfort to the patient. This helps to create a positive treatment experience and promotes patient compliance. Additionally, the Mulligan Concept emphasizes the importance of patient education and active participation in the treatment process. Patients are encouraged to take an active role in their own recovery by performing prescribed exercises and maintaining good posture and body mechanics. Overall, the key principles of the Mulligan Concept revolve around restoring joint function, minimizing pain, and empowering patients to take control of their own healing process.
Therapists employ various assessment techniques to evaluate and address pelvic floor dysfunction in postpartum women. They may conduct a thorough medical history review, including childbirth details and any existing pelvic floor issues. Physical examinations, such as internal pelvic floor muscle assessments, may be performed to assess muscle tone, strength, and coordination. Additionally, therapists may utilize biofeedback devices to provide real-time feedback on muscle activity. Treatment approaches for pelvic floor dysfunction may include pelvic floor muscle exercises, such as Kegels, to improve muscle strength and coordination. Therapists may also incorporate manual therapy techniques, such as myofascial release or trigger point therapy, to address muscle tension and pain. Education on proper posture, body mechanics, and bladder and bowel habits may also be provided. In some cases, therapists may recommend the use of vaginal weights or electrical stimulation to enhance muscle activation. Overall, therapists tailor their treatment plans to the specific needs of each postpartum woman, aiming to restore optimal pelvic floor function and improve quality of life.
There are several psychological factors that can influence adherence to home exercise programs. One important factor is motivation, which can be influenced by a person's beliefs, values, and goals related to exercise. For example, someone who values their health and has a goal of improving their fitness may be more motivated to stick to a home exercise program. Another factor is self-efficacy, which refers to a person's belief in their ability to successfully complete a task. If someone has low self-efficacy for exercise, they may be less likely to adhere to a home exercise program. Additionally, social support can play a role in adherence. Having encouragement and accountability from friends, family, or a support group can help individuals stay motivated and committed to their home exercise program. Finally, the enjoyment and satisfaction derived from the exercise itself can also impact adherence. If someone finds the exercises enjoyable and rewarding, they are more likely to continue with the program.
Individuals with anterior knee pain, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), can benefit from specific exercise protocols to alleviate their symptoms. These protocols typically include a combination of strengthening exercises, stretching exercises, and functional exercises. Strengthening exercises focus on the quadriceps muscles, particularly the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), as well as the hip abductor and hip external rotator muscles. Examples of strengthening exercises may include squats, lunges, step-ups, and leg presses. Stretching exercises aim to improve flexibility in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles. These may include quadriceps stretches, hamstring stretches, and calf stretches. Functional exercises involve activities that mimic daily movements and help improve overall knee stability and control. Examples of functional exercises may include single-leg squats, step-downs, and balance exercises. It is important for individuals with PFPS to consult with a healthcare professional or a qualified exercise specialist to develop a personalized exercise program that addresses their specific needs and limitations.